![]() These long-term pathophysiological processes result in hemodynamic pressure overload promoting cardiac remodeling and pathological cardiac hypertrophy in SAH. Several processes are associated with increased blood pressure levels and later with SAH, including: changes in the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS), activation of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS), endothelial dysfunction and increased oxidative stress. ![]() In addition, it is known that the SAH is also associated to the development of type 2 diabetes and other comorbidities. This rate varies when analyzed separately in some countries, with the percentage difference being almost 5% higher in medium- and low-income economy countries when compared to high-income economy countries. It is estimated that the global prevalence of SAH is greater than 30% in individuals aged 20 years or more. SAH is also defined as a chronic state of high blood pressure levels. Systemic arterial hypertension (SAH) is a multifactorial disease that is associated with genetic factors, such as inherited genes that favor increased blood pressure and environmental factors, including hypersodic and hypercaloric diet, overweight and obesity, physical inactivity, alcohol consumption in excess, advanced age, among other factors.
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